培養(yǎng)基的配制原理是什么？
發(fā)布時(shí)間：
2022-12-24
作者：
國(guó)內(nèi)微生物國(guó)產(chǎn)培養(yǎng)基品牌
培養(yǎng)基是供微生物生長(zhǎng)、繁殖、代謝的混合養(yǎng)料。由于微生物具有不同的營(yíng)養(yǎng)類型，對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的要求也各不相同，加之實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究的目的不同，所以培養(yǎng)基的種類很多，使用的原料也各有差異，但從營(yíng)養(yǎng)角度分析，培養(yǎng)基中一般含有微生物所必需的碳源、氮源、無(wú)機(jī)鹽、生長(zhǎng)素以及水分等。另外，培養(yǎng)基還應(yīng)具有適宜的pH值、一定的緩沖能力、一定的氧化還原電位及合適的滲透壓。
瓊脂是從石花菜等海藻中提取的膠體物質(zhì)，是應(yīng)用最廣的凝固劑。加瓊脂制成的要在98～100℃下融化，于45℃以下凝固。但多次反復(fù)融化，其凝固性降低。
任何一種培養(yǎng)基一經(jīng)制成就應(yīng)及時(shí)徹底滅菌，以備純培養(yǎng)用。一般滅菌采用高壓蒸汽滅菌。
培養(yǎng)基的分為基本培養(yǎng)基和另外加的激素，里面含有生物所需要的N、P、K、Fe、Ca、mg等元素這些元素都是植物生長(zhǎng)生理所需要的，而所加的激素則是針對(duì)你所要培養(yǎng)的植物的方向定，如果你要培養(yǎng)芽苗就會(huì)放入一定的生長(zhǎng)素和分裂素，如果是生根就會(huì)放入一些分裂素。
培養(yǎng)基（Medium）是供微生物、植物和動(dòng)物組織生長(zhǎng)和維持用的人工配制的養(yǎng)料，一般都含有碳水化合物、含氮物質(zhì)、無(wú)機(jī)鹽（包括微量元素）以及維生素和水等。有的培養(yǎng)基還含有抗菌素和色素。
按所用原料不同，可分為兩類：應(yīng)用肉湯、馬鈴薯汁等天然成分配制的，稱為天然培養(yǎng)基；應(yīng)用化學(xué)藥品配成并標(biāo)明成分的，稱為合成培養(yǎng)基或綜合培養(yǎng)基?；瘜W(xué)試劑中大多為合成培養(yǎng)基。由于液體培養(yǎng)基不易長(zhǎng)期保管，現(xiàn)在均改制成粉末。由于配制的原料不同，使用要求不同，而貯存保管方面也稍有不同。一般在受熱、吸潮后，易被細(xì)菌污染或分解變質(zhì)，因此一般培養(yǎng)基必須防潮、避光、陰涼處保存。對(duì)一些需嚴(yán)格滅菌的（如組織培養(yǎng)基），較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的貯存，必須放在2~6。C的冰箱內(nèi)。
What is the preparation principle of culture medium?
The medium is a mixture of nutrients for growth, reproduction and metabolism of microorganisms. Because microorganisms have different kinds of nutrition, also each are not identical to the requirement of nutrients, together with the purpose of the experiment and study, so many different kinds of culture medium, use of raw materials also vary, but from the perspective of the nutrition medium typically contains essential for microbial carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, auxin and moisture, etc. In addition, the medium should also have appropriate pH value, buffer capacity, REDOX potential and appropriate osmotic pressure.
Agar-agar is a colloidal substance extracted from seaweed and other seaweed and is the most widely used coagulant. Add AGAR made of melt under 98 ~ 100 ℃, 45 ℃ in the following set. But after repeated melting, its coagulability decreases.
Any culture medium should be sterilized thoroughly and promptly for pure culture. The sterilization of general culture medium is sterilized by high pressure steam.
Medium is divided into basic culture medium and other hormones, the basic culture medium containing living creatures need of N, P, K, Fe, Ca, mg and other elements of these elements are plant growth physiological need, and add the hormone is for all you have to develop the direction of the plant, if you want to cultivate seedlings will add a certain amount of auxin and mitogen, if is to take root in some division element.
Medium (Medium) is for microbe, plant and animal tissue growth and maintain the use of artificial mixed fuel, generally contain carbohydrates, nitrogen substance, inorganic salt, including trace elements and vitamins, and water, etc. Some cultures also contain antimicrobials and pigments.
According to the raw materials used, it can be divided into two types: those prepared with natural ingredients such as broth and potato juice are called natural medium; The use of chemicals to prepare and label the ingredients is called synthetic or synthetic media. Most of the media in chemical reagents are synthetic media. Because the liquid medium is not easy to keep for a long time, it has been changed into powder. Due to the different materials prepared, the use requirements of the media are different, and storage and storage are slightly different. The general medium is easy to be contaminated or decomposed and degenerated by bacteria after heat and moisture absorption, so the general medium must be protected from moisture, light and shade. For some media that need strict sterilization (such as tissue culture medium), long-term storage must be placed in 2-6. C in the refrigerator.